For more calendar styles, click here to go to our June Calendar collection. Looking for a calendar for June? Click on the image or text underneath to download your free printable June 2023 calendar. When you find a calendar template you like, simply click on the image or download button underneath to download your free calendar template. Each calendar on this page starts the week on a Sunday, and several include the major holidays and observances. Our monthly calendars are formatted to print on US letter-size (8.5" x 11" paper). Whether you want a dedicated monthly calendar to keep track of a project at work, or you're a home-schooling mom who wants to schedule events and activities, these printable calendars are for you! Our printable calendar templates are here to to help you keep track of all your appointments, deadlines, birthdays, projects and more! Count down to that special event, or keep track of everyone in your families commitments by filling out one of these calendars and putting it on your fridge. For example, if the task "call client" is dependent on "complete email", it will be easy to build a workflow by linking the tasks in a simple timeline.īesides, TMetric work schedule template lets set both workdays and working hours and enables all the company departments to comply with unified work policies from the chosen date.Free Printable Monthly Calendars for 2023 With just a few clicks, you can modify the Year, Month, Week, and Start Time. How does it work? The key to an effective work schedule template is to first identify the tasks that need to be accomplished on a specific day and then group them together based on their dependencies. Plan your work week using this template in Excel. TMetric provides a place to share and create work schedules online, and to view and share them instantly. Work schedule templates are essential for success in project management due to their capability of bringing workflow automation to a new level. ![]() Template #4: TMetric Setting Work Schedule and Holidays ![]() Plus, it helps organize your team’s projects so that they can consistently be easily followed. How does it work? It makes it easy to understand what each member of the team should be doing by providing step-by-step instructions on how to fill out the template itself. Instead of trying to figure out where everything goes on your own, you can let this scheduling assistant help and free up some time and space for you. Time and effort-saving are at the core of what this Excel template does. This work schedule template is a very innovative and helpful way for any team to plan out their projects in advance. Each type of schedule template is available in Excel for immediate use or Smartsheet-powered formats (a user's signup is required).ĭownload-circle Template #3: Gantt Excel Work Schedule How does it work? You get instant access to the employee work schedule template that helps assign shifts, mark the total number of work hours and control professional task performance. It not only signifies a better management system for the business but makes planning and goal-setting easier. Smartsheet enables managers and teams to use templates for employee scheduling including weekly, bi-weekly, employee shift templates, etc. Template #1: Smartsheet Schedule for Excel Why is it worth considering? We discuss offers that would cater to the needs of any business niche.īelow, we recommend the 10 best work schedule templates of various kinds you can apply instantly to navigate your day without fail. ![]() In either case, to create effective schedules, there are work schedule templates that are helpful and efficient. There are companies that practice schedules based exclusively on task completion, and there are businesses that encourage their employees to build their schedules with help of time tracking. ![]() Some businesses work Monday through Friday, with the weekends off. Mistakes in scheduling are not only costly (shortage of staff, failed deadlines) but detrimental for business productivity and work culture (risks of high turnover as the result of mismanagement).Īnd now, with the evolvement of new work modes (remote and hybrid) and employees' high expectations of flexibility, scheduling got more challenging for employers and HR Departments.
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![]() Additionally, it was the best-selling female country album of 2005, 20. The album was also the best-selling country album in the United States of both 20, making Underwood the first female artist in Billboard history to earn back-to-back honors for Top Country Album. The North American version contains the Billboard Hot 100 number one single, " Inside Your Heaven", as a bonus track.īolstered by the success of its singles, Some Hearts became the best-selling album of 2006 across all genres in the United States. The album contains the number one country singles " Jesus, Take the Wheel", " Don't Forget to Remember Me", " Wasted", and " Before He Cheats". it really felt like we all lyrically and melodically contributed.Some Hearts is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood, released in the United States on November 15, 2005, by Arista Nashville. I just know that when Marv said that line, 'Pouring teardrops back into a cloud,' I just freaked out over that line. I wasn't thinking about that when we were writing it. I wasn't even getting past, once we demo-ed it and pitched it, who would get it. The melody and the groove felt good, but I just really loved the sentiment of the song. I was just really into the moment, into the characters, when we were writing. Hillary: "In my mind, they were always separate. I love that about songs, that different people can take different things from them." But people have taken it as both people related. In my mind, they didn't know each other at all, they were separate stories. People have been interpreting it both ways. And in the video, these two lives were definitely connected." All black and white, looked like they filmed it in Florida, on the beach. When I saw the video, it was so beautiful, really cool. As a writer, it's fun to see how people will interpret a song, but it's always interesting. Maybe these two characters are completely separate, and they're just tied together in a song. But in my mind, it was open as to whether they knew each other or didn't know each other. Marv: "There's a story where these two people could be connected - the woman in the first verse and the guy in the second verse. We ultimately decided to change gears, and come over to a new story for the second verse." We wrote the first verse, then tried to decide whether to write the whole song about her story, or go on to a new story. But that little moment for her was really important for us, because everything stemmed from that one opening verse. Hillary just started singing that first line. I was just trying to find something that felt good. I wasn't thinking of anything particular, lyrically. Troy: "Marv and I were just jamming around a little bit. Troy has these throw rugs on top of hardwood floors at his house, and I was actually seeing glass shatter, in my head." When I said it, I was literally seeing a tear hit the floor. I wish everyday was like that! I do remember having a clear visual of it though. Hillary: "Troy started playing grooves and the melody just came out. That's when I came up with that next line, 'Pouring raindrops back into a cloud,' and Troy just took it from there." And Hillary is one of those people that sings something sometimes, and makes you go, 'Sing that again!' She actually sang that whole first line: 'Standing at the back door, she tried to make it fast, one tear hit the hardwood.' and that definitely got us going. Troy started playing a few of those verse chords and started to do the groove of the song. ![]() I just thought it would make a striking title. But I also liked the idea of using wasted with time. like, obviously, drinking too much alcohol. Marv: "Sometimes a song starts with a melody, sometimes with an emotion, but this song really just started with throwing out that title, 'Wasted.' I liked the different meanings of wasted. The trio recalled to AOL's The Boot the day they sat in Troy's living room and co-wrote this song: The song was co-written by Marv Green, Hillary Lindsey and Troy Verges. ![]() So the panel on the left got a lot, a lot of love while the display on the right is supposedly bad. Check out Ars Technica flat out calling LG V30's OLED screen "bad" in the title. They make excuses for Google by defending the Pixel 2 XL with that exact same logic ("The display isn't as great as the Note 8 but it's still pretty good and not a dealbreaker."). Reviewers out there acting like the average joe would watch a video or go on Instagram with the V30 and declare "well this phone is unusable for me because the screen is bad" when that's simply not the case. If we were to grade these displays like a professor, the iPhone X/Galaxy Note 8's display is like a 97 out of 100, while the LG V30 is like a 91. I mean, this is so beyond nitpicking here. These are problems only if you are actively looking for them. The blue tint is not that big a deal (my Galaxy Note 8 has a blue tint if I look at the phone off-axis too), and the supposedly muddied-grays are only noticeable in a dark room with brightness set to 0% and viewing an all-white screen. While I agree LG's OLED display isn't as great as Samsung's OLED screen (which is used on the iPhone X), the problem has been overblown. Some reviews have pointed out that the V30 has a sub-par OLED panel (brought to attention because Google's Pixel 2 XL uses the same screen). Instagram Stories gets chopped and shrunken down on the iPhone X. They're both great looking phones, but if you read mainstream reviews, you'd only hear one phone get all the praise while the other gets thrown under the bus. I mean look at the two devices side by side, can you honestly say Apple's phone is significantly more impressive looking? No. The V30 doesn't have a camera bump it's lighter and thinner than the iPhone X and if you factor in the X's notch, the V30 actually has a higher screen-to-body ratio. Here's the thing, I think one can make a great case that the LG V30 looks better and is just as futuristic-looking. ![]() Most tech outlets raved about the iPhone X's looks, calling it stunning and gorgeous. More on Forbes: Camera Shootout: iPhone X Vs. It’s definitely not big enough to justify the jarringly different tone from mainstream tech outlets (gushing for Apple phones, snark and cynicism for LG phones) and not worth the extra $250 that Apple charges if all things are considered. The iPhone X may be a more polished device overall, with a better display and slightly better camera, but the gap between them is not big at all. I have both the LG V30 and the iPhone X on me right now and I've used both for weeks. Example: Business Insider blamed the V30 for bloatware when that's the fault of the American carrier and Wired poked fun at the V30's supposedly non-nonsensical naming, as if Apple jumping from 8 to X, Samsung going from Note 5 to Note 7, or OnePlus adding a "T" after the 5 in their latest phone make more sense?). (Many of these reviews are unfairly snarky, scrutinizing LG for things they'd give Apple/Samsung leeway for. It's gotten mostly so-so reviews despite being a very good phone. This doesn't mean the iPhone X is not a great phone - it's just really not deserving of getting 100x more coverage and buzz from media than other phones when it has:Ĭonversely, the LG V30 is underrated. Huawei's P9 offered that almost six months before Apple did with the iPhone 7 Plus, but almost all mention of "portrait" bokeh photography is lumped with a reference to the iPhone. ![]() This is a trend that LG did before everybody with the LG G6, but you'd be hard pressed to know that if you don't follow smartphone news closely, because mainstream outlets will mostly just refer to 18:9 phones "like the Galaxy S8/Note 8." The same goes for using dual-cameras to produce bokeh shots. ![]() For example, right now the trend of smartphones is a near bezel-less, all-screen front with no buttons and an 18:9 display aspect ratio. And whether it's due to Apple/Samsung's marketing prowess or influence, I notice that mainstream media tend to default to those two devices as go-to references. But mostly, tech media review devices in a vacuum: they get an iPhone, they test the iPhone, they like the iPhone, they tell readers to buy the iPhone, that's it. Considering how crowded the smartphone market is and how many great handsets are out, one would think evaluating what's overrated/underrated would be useful - or at least make for good debate. Users of mobiles app are used to gestures when performing actions. Navigator is a stateful widget with NavigatorState as its state. The top element in the stack is the currently active route. Routes can be pushed on the stack using push() method and popped off the stack using pop() method. We can Use Navigator.push() to navigate to a new route and Navigator.pop() to navigate to the previous route. Concepts like pages are called routes in Flutter. Includes six sets of lashes, each lasting up to 5 days. The Flirt is our bold, curly lash with fibers measuring from 8-15mm. ![]() Replace that full set of extensions for a pack of The Flirts - you won’t be disappointed. The user navigates between different pages to use different functionalities. More volume, more curl, more drama If you’re looking for a flirty style that brings the drama, The Flirt is the one for you.
Math Rounding Calculator, Round to Nearest 1, 10, 100. If you want to round a number to the nearest major unit, such as thousands, hundreds, tens, or ones, use a function in a formula, follow these steps. Round a number to the decimal places I want. Enter a Number / Decimal Rounded to Nearest Whole Number = Rounded to Nearest Ten = Rounded to Nearest Hundred = Rounded to Nearest Thousand = Rounding Calculator is a free online tool that displays the rounded value of the given number. if the rounding digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, add one … Rounding Calculator - Free Online Calculator - BYJU'S. A) To round to nearest tenth, hundredth or thousandth: if the rounding digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, simply drop all digits to the right of it. Math Rounding Calculator, Round to Nearest 1, 10, 100, …. Integer, Tenths, Hundredths, Thousandths, Ten Thousandths, Hundred Thousandths, Millionth . Water/Wastewater Math Calculator Tank Volume Calculator. Rounding to the Nearest Thousand Calculator. Thus, 742.1 rounded to the nearest integer is 742. Round to the Nearest Thousandth Calculator Where is the Thousandths’ Place? Frequently Asked Questions What is 880.8869 rounded to the nearest thousandth? How do you round to the thousandths’ place? How would I round up to the nearest thousandth? How would I round down to the nearest thousandth? What is 4825.669 … Rounding Calculator | Rules, Steps to Round off Numbers. Nearest Thousandth | Rounding Numbers to the Nearest 1000th. It decreases the number to one, two or three decimal places. Rounding Calculator is used to rounding number to the nearest tenth, hundredth and thousandth. If the digit at the hundredth place of number is 5 or above 5 i.e 6,7,8,9 then you have to round up the number by adding 1 to the digit in thousandth position . Rounding to the nearest thousandth Calculator. Round a number using a range of different rounding formulas. Choose … See more Rounding Numbers Calculator. Choose ones to round a number to the nearest dollar. Rounding calculator to round numbers up or down to any decimal place. Rounding to the Nearest Tenth Calculator is a free online tool that displays the given number rounded to its nearest tenths place value. Rounding to the Nearest Tenth Calculator. If the second decimal place of the number is less than 5 . If the second decimal place of the number is greater than or equal to 5, we round up to the next tenth. Rounding Calculator What is rounding off? Rules of rounding off: Rounding to the nearest ten, hundred, and thousand place. compare rates on NerdWallet for thousands of savings accounts and . Compounding interest calculator: Here's how to use NerdWallet's. However, this is not a problem if you use a hand calculator. Fundamentals of Statistical Reasoning in Education. Local agencies may round income limits for nine or more persons to the nearest $50, or they may use the un- . ![]() HUD rounds income limits up to the nearest $50. Novogradac & Company LLP Rent & Income Limit Calculator. So, we replace it by a 0 (zero) to get 120 as the answer. Step 2: The digit to the right ( 3) is 4 or below. ![]() Step 1: Locate and underline the tens place ( 2) then look at the digit to the right ( 3 ): 123. To round to the nearest ten (nearest 10), we use the whole numbers place to determine whether the tens place rounds up or stays the same. 123 Rounded to The Nearest Ten | Nearest 10 Calculator. How to use … Rounding Calculator | Rules, Steps to Round off Numbers. For example, if you want to round a number from a hundred thousand to a tenth, you can use this calculator. This round off calculator is used to round large numbers in a short time to the required unit. Rounding Calculator - Free Online Calculators By …. ![]() Solved 1) Use a calculator to estimate the value of the. Numbers that have the last four digits of 5000 or more should be rounded up to the next even ten thousand. For example 54,424 rounded to the nearest ten thousand would be 50,000. To round numbers to the nearest ten thousand, make the numbers whose last four digits are 0001 through 4999 into the next lower number that ends in 0000. What is round to the nearest ten thousandth calculatorRounding Numbers to Ten Thousands - AAAKnow. ![]() Find out the latest game information for your favorite NHL team on CBSSports. Both games will be broadcast on ESPN and streaming will be available on the ESPN+ service. Louis Blues schedule for the 2022-23 season including dates, opponents, game time and game result information. We have tickets to meet every budget for the Tampa Bay Lightning schedule. Start by finding your event on the Tampa Bay Lightning 2023 2024 schedule of events with date and time listed below. ET before the Las Vegas Golden Knights and Los Angeles Kings square off at 10 p.m. We provide world class service and premium seating. 7-8 between the Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in Prague as part of the 2022 NHL Global Series.īack in North America, the Tampa Bay Lightning will host the New York Rangers on Oct. The first official games of the 2022-23 NHL season are Oct. When will the 2022-23 NHL regular season begin? The Capitals begin their preseason slate Sunday, Sept. That 15-day stretch will see 180 exhibition played, starting with the "Battle for Ontario" between the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Maple Leafs in a split doubleheader on Saturday, Sept. Known as The Bolts, Tampa Bay Lightning are one of the most successful teams in recent seasons of the National Hockey League (NHL) having been champions in 2004, 2020, and 2021. Here's the latest on when the 2022-23 season will get underway. Get all the info on the 2022-23 roster/squad, schedule, tickets, and prices to watch Tampa Bay Lightning live. ![]() After an offseason that saw lots of star power change hands, there will be plenty of competition among the other 31 teams. After starting the year in the American Hockey League with the Manitoba Moose and recording nine points in as many games, the speedy. The Colorado Avalanche's first Stanley Cup title defense in 21 years will kick off with the start of the 2022-23 NHL season. 16 hours ago &0183 &32 Mikey Eyssimonts 2022-23 season was filled with surprises. Generally, these NCL forms are based on disease onset and mutated gene. Currently, several mutations have been identified in more than 13 different genes all resulting in a specific form of NCL. Unfortunately, the NCLs are not limited to a single gene or genetic mutation. Given the large neurological manifestations and predominance in childhood onset, the NCLs are considered to be the most common pediatric neurodegenerative disease. Symptomatic hallmarks of the NCLs consist of but are not limited to epilepsy, tremors, retinopathy, gross and fine motor deterioration, and cognitive decline. Most commonly, NCL onset begins in childhood however in rarer occasions onset can occur in adulthood. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a special category of LSD and accumulate a storage material referred to as ceroid lipofuscin. All LSDs affect multiple physiological systems however, most appear to illicit a significant effect on the central nervous system (CNS). LSDs are commonly categorized according to the constituents of this accumulated material thus resulting in generalized LSD categories for example the mucopolysaccharidoses accumulate mucopolysaccharides. These deficiencies affect normal lysosomal function resulting in an accumulation of various lysosomal substrates. Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 DAPI,Ĭhildren across the globe are affected by any one of more than 40 different lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) many of them resulting from deficiencies in either a lysosomal membrane protein or lysosomal enzyme. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GFAP, The equipment used from the molecular, histology, and microscope cores at Sanford Research are funded by National Institutes of Health program grants P20GM103620 and P20GM103548 awarded to Sanford Research's Children's Health Research Center and Cancer Biology Research Center respectively.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭlassic infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis cLINCL,Ĭlassic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis cJNCL,Ĭlassic juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis TPP1, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All data is contained within the paper and supplementary material.įunding: This work was supported by Sanford Health. Received: MaAccepted: MaPublished: May 2, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Geraets et al. PLoS ONE 12(5):Įditor: Thomas Langmann, University of Cologne, GERMANY (2017) A tailored mouse model of CLN2 disease: A nonsense mutant for testing personalized therapies. Collectively, these assessments indicate that the Cln2 R207X/R207X mouse is a valid CLN2 disease model which can be used for the preclinical evaluation of all therapeutic approaches including mutation guided therapies.Ĭitation: Geraets RD, Langin LM, Cain JT, Parker CM, Beraldi R, Kovacs AD, et al. This reduction leads to the development of neurological impairment (e.g. Molecular assessment of Cln2 R207X/R207X tissues determined significant reduction in Cln2 transcript abundance and TPP1 enzyme activity. Thus, we created a mouse model that carries a mutation equivalent to the human p.R208X mutation. Nonsense mutations in CLN2 disease are frequent, the most common being CLN2 R208X. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a model of CLN2 disease that allows for the assessment of all therapeutic approaches. The genotype of the original mouse model of CLN2 disease, Cln2 -/-, excludes mutation guided therapies like antisense oligonucleotides and nonsense suppression. Mutations of the CLN2 gene encoding a soluble lysosomal enzyme, tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), cause late infantile NCL/CLN2 disease. However, the genotypes of NCL animal models determine which therapeutic approaches can be assessed. ![]() Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical trials exist for various therapies. The NCLs result in premature death due to the absence of curative therapies. Initial clinical presentation usually consists of either seizures or retinopathy but develops to encompass both in conjunction with declining motor and cognitive function. Although, adults are susceptible, the NCLs are frequently classified as pediatric neurodegenerative diseases due to their greater pediatric prevalence. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, result from mutations in over a dozen genes. If your goal is to have an immersive cultural experience during your South America vacation, my suggestion is doing a volunteering work exchange program to live with locals. It is an amazing feeling to be out of our comfort zone and try out different customs. The most amazing cheap South America vacations If you are a US or Canadian citizen, we recommend World Nomads. > Get a 10% discount on your international travel insurance with Pax Assistance by clicking here! Or a 20% discount by getting verified with a Worldpackers' Pack Plan. *Valid for all nationalities, except for United States and Canadian citizens. Overall, South America is full of fascinating countries full of history, culture, and amazing cuisine.įrom the Andes Mountains to the Amazon Rainforest to volcanoes, crater lakes, cloud forests, and salt flats, there is a huge number of incredible natural attractions to see there as well. So you can always fly into a cheap country and take buses around the continent from there. Public transport in South America is affordable as well. Flying to to places like Brazil and Argentina can be expensive, but there are lots of other cheap South America vacations to take.įor example, flying from the USA into Ecuador or Peru can cost as little as 200 USD. ![]() Generally speaking, Central America might be cheaper because it is closer to the United States and you can find more cheap flights. There are so many affordable places to visit in South America, especially if you’re traveling from the nearby USA. Organic vegetable starts and seeds available spring 2018! Please call or check our website for current hours of operation and drop off rates. Delivery is available and we accept yard debris drop-offs. Since 1960, we offer hand-organic soil, compost, and mulch to meet the needs of gardeners, landscapers, and farmers in Sonoma County. The longest operating soil yard in Sonoma County and the proud manufacturer of Mango Mulch® Organic Compost. Get the perfect cut with our on-site milling services. Golden State Lumber (formerly Burgess Lumber)ĭrive-through lumberyard and full hardware store. Quality products, delivery, competitive prices. Open M–F: 7a–5p, Sat: 8a–4p We specialize in natural stone, cobbles, fieldstone, flagstone, decorative rock, barks, soil, compost and more. Famous for Marley Mix, & Mushroom Compost. Products: barrels, compost,rock, soil, wood, vineyard amendments. 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Local family-owned, renting and selling hundreds of different types of equipment, from tractors to hand tools. Landscaping Supplies & Materials Listings > Nurseries & Plant Propagators - UPDATE 2020 ![]() If you need other products and services check out our pages with listings for: (Please support our advertisers that make this guide possible - THANK YOU!) These businesses bring you a wide variety of products to enhance the beauty of your landscape. Every garden needs materials that supplement and nurture plants, whether it’s compost for nutrients, mulch for moisture-retention, or gravel and rocks for garden architecture and paths. ![]() Slit lamp examination often shows portions iris atrophy along with transillumination defects. Over time, AR pupils eventually lose their near constriction as well and become miotic and immobile. This light-near dissociation is bilateral in 80-90% of patients, but both pupillary size and degree of light-near dissociation can be asymmetric. However, there is brisk pupillary constriction for accommodation to near targets and brisk redilation after the near reaction, which distinguishes AR pupils from Adie tonic pupils. The pupils also demonstrate minimal or complete absence of pupillary constriction to light stimulation. Upon close examination, the pupils have an irregular shape (oval, egg-shaped, tear shaped, irregularly polygonal, serrated, or eccentric). Patients with AR pupils typically present with miotic pupils (<2mm in diameter) that do not dilate fully in dim light. ![]() CausesĪlthough AR pupils are classically associated with neurosyphilis, other AR like pupils can occur in the setting of diabetes mellitus, neurosarcoidosis, chronic alcoholism, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, Lyme disease, or herpes zoster. During this period, the pupillary light reactions progress from slow, incomplete constrictions to complete loss of the light reflex. The damaging lesion in AR pupils usually develops over a period of time, sometimes asymmetrically and sometimes at an uneven rate. When this inhibitory pathway is disrupted, parasympathetic neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus that naturally fire at a high rate can lead to sustained pupil contraction by the iris sphincter and cause miosis in AR pupils. Supranuclear adrenergic fibers that inhibit the Edinger-Westphal nucleus are necessary for iris sphincter relaxation and pupil dilation. However, the more ventrally located fibers of the Edinger-Westphal nuclei that control the near reaction are spared. Specifically, a lesion of the dorsal aspect of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus can interrupt the pretectal oculomotor light reflex fibers. Bilateral tonic pupils are more frequently to be encountered than AR pupils in the modern era.ĭamage to the rostral midbrain can result in AR pupils. As the prevalence of syphilis has decreased to 2.1 per 100,000 population in the year 2000, the percentage of non-syphilitic AR pupil findings have increased. ![]() However, with the efficacy of penicillin therapy, the incidence of tertiary syphilis has decreased, and AR pupils have become quite rare in the United States. EpidemiologyĪR pupils were originally described with neurosyphilis and the finding became a characteristic clinical sign for the disease. Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson, a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon, originally described this abnormal pupil finding in 1868. In addition, AR pupils are accompanied with frequent iris atrophy. The characteristic light-near dissociation of AR pupils occurs most often bilaterally but may be unilateral in some patients. The pupils are noticeably able to accommodate to near targets, with subsequent normal and brisk redilation to far. The affected pupils initially appear small, and are irregular, but as opposed to the tonic pupil do not maintain increased tone to near targets. Argyll Robertson (AR) pupils, are characterized by small and irregular pupils that have little to no constriction to light but constricts briskly to near targets (light-near dissociation). |
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